Greenville, South Carolina

Greenville, South Carolina

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Location in South Carolina
Coordinates:
Country United States
State South Carolina
County Greenville County
Founded 1831
Government
 - Mayor Knox White
Area
 - City 26.1 sq mi (67.7 km2)
 - Water 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2)  0.23%
Population (2009)
 - City 61,782
 - Density 2,148.1/sq mi (829.4/km2)
 Urban 302,194
 Metro 639,617(2,006 est.)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 29601-29617, 29698.
Area code(s) 864
Website www.greenvillesc.gov

Greenville is the seat of Greenville County, in upstate South Carolina, United States.[1] Greenville is also the sixth largest city in the state of South Carolina. One of the principal cities of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), it had a population of 61,782 as of the year of 2009 1.[2] The metropolitan area had an estimated population of 639,617 in 2009.[3]

Greenville is the largest city of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Combined Statistical Area (CSA) which in 2006 had an estimated population of 1,203,795, making it the largest MSA in the state of South Carolina. The CSA, an 8-county region of northwestern South Carolina, is known as "The Upstate". Greenville is located approximately halfway between Atlanta, Georgia and Charlotte, North Carolina along Interstate 85, and its metropolitan area also includes Interstates 185 and 385.

Contents

Geography

Greenville is located at (34.844313, -82.385428),[4] roughly equidistant between Atlanta (120 miles southwest), and Charlotte, North Carolina.

Greenville Skyline in the day.

Greenville is in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and includes many small hills. Sassafras Mountain, the highest point in South Carolina, is in northern Pickens County, which adjoins Greenville County to the west. Many area television and radio station towers are on Paris Mountain, the second most prominent peak in the area, less than 7 miles (11 km) from downtown Greenville. According to the United States Census Bureau, Greenville has a total area of 67.7 km² (26.1 mi²). 67.5 km² (26.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water.

Geology and seismology

Gold and other minerals have been mined in Greenville since the early 1800s. Rubies, amethysts, garnets, tourmalines, unakite and emeralds occur within 60 miles (97 km) of the city, likely washed down from nearby mountains. Granite abounds in the area and is mined in Greenville as well as in neighboring counties.

Greenville sits on the associated faults of the Brevard Fault, a mostly quiet system which has, nonetheless, experienced some earthquakes of up to 6.0 on the Richter scale during the past 50 years; however, local earthquakes usually measuring not more than 3.0 are more the norm. Most of the city sits on various fault lines which seem to come together around Paris Mountain, a monadnock below which sits the city. This activity could be connected with the construction of Lake Hartwell. Since 1990, Greenville has experienced fewer than 15 noticeable quakes, mostly centered in the Sandy Flats area.

Climate

Greenville has a humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa), with generally mild, short winters, hot, humid summers, warm springs, and crisp autumns. Monthly averages range from 40.8 °F (4.9 °C) in January to 78.8 °F (26.0 °C) in July, with lows around freezing in the former month. Highs reach 90 °F (32.2 °C) on 38 days per year, [5] and sometimes breach 100 °F (37.8 °C). Winter snowfall is typically light, with a median of only 1.0 inch (2.5 cm) [5], though much heavier amounts have fallen. Precipitation is usually well-distributed throughout the year.

Climate data for Greenville, South Carolina
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Source: NOAA [5], HKO (sun only) [6]

Law and government

The city of Greenville adopted the Council-Manager form of municipal government in 1976.[2]

History

The area was part of the Cherokee Nation's protected grounds after the Treaty of 1763, which ended the French and Indian War. No White man was allowed to enter, though some families already had settled just within the boundary, and White traders regularly crossed the area. The first White man to settle permanently in the area was Richard Pearis; he married a Cherokee and was given several tracts of land by the tribe.[7] The City of Greenville and Paris Mountain (named after Pearis), are on part of that land.[7] During the American Revolution, the Cherokee (and Pearis) sided with the British. After a campaign in 1776, the Cherokee agreed to the Treaty of DeWitt's Corner, ceding territory that includes present-day Greenville County to South Carolina.

Greenville was originally called Pleasantburg before an 1831 name change[8]. Greenville County was created in 1786 from Spartanburg District (now Spartanburg County), but was called Greenville District from 1800 until 1868. Greenville may have been named for American Revolutionary General Nathanael Greene, or perhaps for an early resident, Isaac Green.[7] Greenville is the mother district to Pendleton District (now Anderson County), Pickens District (now Pickens County) and Oconee District (now Oconee County).

In February, 1869, Greenville’s Town Charter was amended by the S. C. General Assembly establishing Greenville, the town, as a City.

In early to mid-1900, with Greenville being known as the “Textile Center of the South”, an Exposition Hall for the textile industries was built.

During World War I; Greenville served as a training camp center for Army recruits. This eventually fostered the development of Donaldson Air Force Base, built during World War II, which was very important to the economy of the City of Greenville. Donaldson served as a military base until the early 1960s, when it was returned to the City of Greenville. The former air base has been developed into a business park. It contains historic military-style barracks which are used now by various businesses.

During the 1960s, blacks in the area were subject to segregationist restrictions; for example, they were limited to the back of city buses, were not permitted to stay in hotels or motels for whites, and had to sit in the balcony of movie theaters. Especially significant was the restriction of blacks from use of the public library, which partially motivated the activism of the library-denied Jesse Jackson. Jackson, working through the NAACP, organized a sit-in at Greenville's F.W. Woolworth "five and dime" store, and quickly emerged as a civil rights leader. Compared to similar events in locations such as Birmingham, the protests were considered peaceful.

Beginning in the 1970s, then Mayor Max Heller spearheaded a massive downtown revitalization project. The first and most important step in changing downtown’s image was the streetscape plan, narrowing the street’s four lanes to two and installing angled parking, trees, and decorative light fixtures, as well as creating parks and plazas throughout downtown. Today, Main Street’s lofty canopy of trees impresses visitors and creates a welcoming backdrop for Main Street activities. A statue of Mayor Heller was dedicated May 28, 2009 in downtown, and dedicated in his honor for contributions to the city, and the revitalization of the area.

The new image provides a backdrop for private investment and growth throughout the city. The City also completed an ambitious $70 million renovation of Falls Park on the Reedy, creating a unique pedestrian suspension bridge over Reedy River Falls.

Attractions

As the largest city in the Upstate, Greenville offers many activities and attractions. Greenville's theatres and event venues regularly host major concerts and touring theater companies. Four independent theaters present several plays a year.

Greenville has the only golf course in the world that has each hole conceived by a different designer. CrossWinds Golf Club is a public Par 3 course that can be played in one hour for 9 holes or in 2 hours for 18 holes.

Notable event venues

Shopping & Restaurants

Greenville is the main shopping and dining destination of The Upstate region. Downtown Greenville is home to many restaurants featuring local southern fare. There are many boutiques and specialty shops that line the downtown area like Michelin On Main. Haywood Mall is the largest and busiest mall in the area featuring stores such as: Sears, J. C. Penney, Macy's, Belk, Dillard's, Victoria's Secret, Charlotte Russe (clothing retailer) as well as many other retail giants. Retail in Greenville has shifted away from McAlister Square and centered around the Greenville Mall to Haywood Mall and more so to the Woodruff Road area between Interstate 85 and Interstate 385.

Landmarks

Falls Park on the Reedy.
The Waterfalls in downtown Greenville.

Falls Park is known as the birthplace of Greenville, but in the mid-20th century it was in severe decline, with the water polluted and grounds littered. In 1960, the Camperdown Bridge was built across the Falls, obstructing public view. In the mid-1980s, the City adopted a master plan for the park, leading to the removal of the Camperdown Bridge and making way for extensive renovations, to include 20 acres of gardens and the Liberty Bridge. While bridges with similar structural concepts have been built in Europe, the Liberty Bridge is unique in its geometry.

Festivals

Southern Exposure is an annual three day event held in the Wyche Pavilion at Larkin's on the River, Fall for Greenville, Art in the Park, and the Peace Center for the Performing Arts. The event includes exclusive tasting events, cooking demonstrations and wine seminars, as well as multi-course dinners and live musical performances. Southern Exposure features domestic and international wines, celebrity chefs, master sommeliers, and national recording artists.

Downtown renewal

Initially, Greenville's buildings were demolished and rebuilt fairly frequently. Greenville has one of the last Frank Lloyd Wright homes ever built.

At one time the retail center of the region, Greenville's downtown district began to languish in the 1960s as shopping centers lured the retailers and customers to the suburbs. It was a moribund downtown in the midst of a growing region. In response, the City started a downtown renewal project.

It initially focused on improving its image through streetscape and traffic improvements, including narrowing main street from four lanes to two lanes; installing free, angled parking, trees, flowers and light fixtures; and creating parks and plazas throughout downtown. This began in the 1960s and later under Mayor Max Heller who settled in the United States from Austria. The downtown streetscape renovation was designed by Landscape Architect Lawrence Halprin.

In the 1980s, Greenville turned to laying the foundation for their downtown vision and providing an example of business potential to encourage business re-location to downtown (Greenville Commons/Hyatt Regency). The city worked with consultants to develop and implement a downtown master plan and facilitated public-private investment partnerships which resulted in the city's first luxury convention hotel on Main Street.

Through the 1990s Greenville continued to strengthen its public/private partnerships to create strong anchors throughout downtown. The city redeveloped a languishing industrial area into an arts complex that incorporated historically significant buildings. It stabilized a stagnant historic district with the renovation of the WestEnd Market, a mixed-use project of shops, restaurants, and offices, which in turn encouraged residential use of vacant upper stories and former church classrooms.

Although the majority of Greenville-area residents live in the suburbs, the last 5–10 years has seen a major boom in downtown living and working as new luxury condos, apartments and lofts go up and more and more businesses are moving their offices to the now thriving downtown.

The National Trust for Historic Preservation awarded Greenville with the Great American Main Street Award in 2003 and 2009. Since then it has been featured in numerous publications, including Southern Living Magazine and the U.S. Airways Magazine (March 2010).

Education

Furman University is in Greenville

Greenville's public elementary and secondary schools are part of the Greenville County School District, which is the largest district in South Carolina. Greenville is also served by a number of private and religious schools. One important landmark of education, the South Carolina Governor's School for the Arts & Humanities, is located in Greenville overlooking the Falls Park on the Reedy.

Greenville County has a total of 16 official public high schools:

Greenville is also home to many private schools as well, including:

Blue Ridge Christian Academy

Greenville city and county are home to several colleges, universities, and technical schools:

Virginia College of Greenville

Economy

Greenville's economy was formerly based largely on textile manufacturing, and the city was once known as "The Textile Capital of the World." In the last few decades, low wages and favorable tax benefits have lured foreign companies to invest heavily in the area. The city is the North American headquarters for Michelin. Recently, the International Center for Automotive Research has been created.

When the former Donaldson Air Force Base closed, the land became the South Carolina Technology and Aviation Center, and became home to a Lockheed Martin Aircraft and Logistics Center, as well as 3M and Honeywell.

Also, General Electric company has a gas turbine and wind energy manufacturing operation here. O'Neal, Inc. a project planning, design, and construction firm, has its headquarters in Greenville.[9]

The Thomas Creek Brewery was founded on Piedmont Hwy in 1998.[10]

In 2007, the National Cat Groomers Institute of America (NCGIA) was established in Greenville.

Hospitals

Greenville has two main health systems. Bon Secours St. Francis Health System, which includes ST. FRANCIS downtown, ST. FRANCIS eastside, St. Francis Outpatient Center and Upstate Surgery Center, is ranked among the best hospitals in the nation by HealthGrades for heart surgery and overall orthopedic services. The extensive Greenville Hospital System University Medical Center is a non-profit academic medical center which, with five campuses, including Patewood Memorial Hospital, is one of the largest employers in the region.

Additionally, Greenville Shriners Hospital exclusively treats pediatric orthopaedic patients free of charge.

Transportation

Greenville is located on the Interstate 85 corridor, approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte. The northern terminus of Interstate 385 is located downtown, and the area is also served by Interstate 185 and U.S. Highway 123 (Calhoun Memorial Highway). Other major highways include U.S. 25, U.S. 29 and U.S. 276.

There are several airports servicing the Greenville area. The largest in the region, Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport (GSP), is the second busiest in the state and is served by most major airlines. Greenville serves as a freight hub for FedEx Express.

The Greenville Downtown Airport, (GMU), [www.greenvilledowntownairport.com] is busiest general aviation airport in South Carolina.

Amtrak's Crescent train connects Greenville with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham and New Orleans. The Amtrak station is situated at 1120 West Washington Street. Additionally, Greenville is a part of the proposed Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, which will run from Washington, DC to Birmingham, AL. Freight railroad service is provided by the CSX and Norfolk Southern systems.

Public transit in Greenville is handled by the Greenville Transit Authority (GTA). GTA runs a bus system that serves the Greenville area and much of Greenville County. City leaders are in the early planning stages for a comprehensive transit system that will help ease the high traffic volume on interstates and roadways. Considerations for the expansion of the current GTA bus routes, creation of a tram-trail running from Travelers Rest to Downtown Greenville, and discussions on the future potential for commuter rail and light rail transit systems will connect suburban commuter stations with urban destinations, office parks, and retail centers.

Interstate 3

Interstate 3 is a proposed freeway that would begin in Savannah, GA run to Augusta, GA and then possibly to Greenville before reaching Knoxville, TN. Greenville is not along the original I-3 route; however, there are several alternative routes, including the one in which Greenville is a major destination along the highway.[11]

Sports teams

Spectators at a Greenville Drive game

Greenville has hosted several minor league sports teams:

Furman University:

There are at least 4 stadiums for football and baseball located within the city, and many outside, with total capacities of 100,000. There are also a number of soccer fields and at least three municipal and many private community swimming pools.

Lake Jocassee, Lake Keowee, and Lake Hartwell within 50 miles (80 km) of Greenville accommodate boating and other water sports.

The Olympic Torch has passed through Greenville several times, and the city is an active participant in the Special Olympics.

During the 2008 Little League World Series it was revealed that Greenville, along with Morganton, NC and Warner Robins, GA, are the finalists to receive the Southeast Regional Headquarters that was originally located in Gulfport, FL.

The arts

Greenville has a thriving arts community, with a number of venues to support performances. Greenville has been named one of the "Top 100 Arts Small Towns in the United States." [12] The Bi-Lo Center, constructed in 1998, brings national tours of many popular bands to downtown, and the Peace Center for the Performing Arts provides a venue for orchestras and plays.

Visual art

A number of local artists operate studios and galleries in the city, especially the Pendleton Street Arts District near downtown. The Metropolitan Arts Council and Upstate Visual Arts provide a number of public events that focus on the visual arts, including the First Fridays Art Walk, Greenville Open Studios, and the West Greenville Arts Festival. Greenville also provides some notable fine arts museums:

Music

Greenville has a music scene that features frequent live performances in the downtown area by local Jazz, Country, and Rock bands.

The city is home to a number of local orchestras, including the Greenville Symphony Orchestra, Greenville County Youth Orchestra, Carolina Youth Symphony, and the Carolina Pops Orchestra. The Boston Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Greenville native Keith Lockhart, regularly performs at the Bi-Lo Center. Greenville Light Opera Works (GLOW) holds full-scale and cabaret style performances of operetta and musical theatre throughout the year and offers musical theatre education to local schools through the GlowWorms program. Furman and Bob Jones Universities offer courses in operatic singing, and BJU has staged a full-scale grand opera each March for more than fifty years.

Comedy

There are a variety of local comedy venues in Greenville featuring stand up comedy, sketch comedy, ventriloquists, as well as experimental and non-traditional comedy. Nationally touring comedians as well as local amateurs can be found performing several nights each week in Greenville.[14]

Dance and theatre

The Carolina Ballet Theatre is a professional dance company which regularly presents programs at the Peace Center and elsewhere. Their major annual event is the presentation of Tschaikovsky's Nutcracker Ballet, but a similar production is performed by International Ballet Academy, another popular dance company in the area. Centre Stage, Greenville Little Theater, South Carolina Children's Theater and the Warehouse Theatre.

Literature

A number of notable writers have lived in downtown Greenville or nearby. Internationally known author and composer William Rowland lives in the city, as does novelist and educator Robert Powell as well as New York Times best selling children's author Melinda Long, and novelists Ashley Warlick and Mindy Friddle. Renowned playwright James Rasheed lives in Greenville, and the late Poet Laureate Carl Sandburg was a frequent visitor.

Media

The Greenville News is the city's daily newspaper and also the Upstate's largest daily newspaper in circulation and readership.

Greenville Journal: Weekly newspaper dealing with business, economic development, local events, and current issues relevant to Greenville.

GSA Business: Published every two weeks, it covers business news from across the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson metro area.

Greenville Business Magazine: Monthly magazine that contains business information for and about the Greenville area.

Upstate Link magazine The Upstate's premiere young reader (20s-30s) newsweekly. The weekly publication began in January 2004. Link continues to be a print publication, but its Web site ceased operation in 2008. Its new Web site is run by Chicago-based Metromix.

Greenville HD: An all-video website that gives viewers a look at everything in Greenville, South Carolina.

Television

Greenville is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-Asheville DMA which is the nation's 36th largest television market. See the box below for the local television stations:

Radio

Greenville is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Arbitron Metro which is the nation's 59th largest radio market with a person 12+ population of 813,700. See the box below for the local radio stations:

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1840 3,347
1850 6,175 84.5%
1860 8,500 37.7%
1870 7,871 −7.4%
1880 7,365 −6.4%
1890 9,835 33.5%
1900 12,272 24.8%
1910 16,452 34.1%
1920 20,169 22.6%
1930 26,680 32.3%
1940 34,960 31.0%
1950 49,837 42.6%
1960 56,292 13.0%
1970 62,976 11.9%
1980 64,834 3.0%
1990 58,451 −9.8%
2000 56,002 −4.2%
Est. 2009 61,782 10.3%
Location of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area in South Carolina

Greenville is the largest principal city of the Greenville-Mauldin-Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Greenville, Laurens, and Pickens counties[3] and had a combined population of 575,681 at the 2000 census.[2]

As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 56,002 people, 24,382 households, and 12,581 families residing in the city. The population density was 829.4/km² (2,148.0/mi²). There were 27,295 housing units at an average density of 404.2/km² (1,046.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 62.12% White, 33.94% African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.27% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.37% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.44% of the population.

There were 24,382 households out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.7% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,144, and the median income for a family was $44,125. Males had a median income of $35,111 versus $25,339 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,242. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

Notable people

Notable figures who were born in, lived in, or are otherwise associated with Greenville.

Scientists

Psychologists

Athletes

Musicians

Politicians

Clergy

Authors

Actors and Journalists

Military figures

Neighborhoods

[15][16][17]

References

  1. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Template.cfm?Section=Find_a_County&Template=/cffiles/counties/usamap.cfm. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-07-30.
  4. "US Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2005-05-03. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Climatography of the United States No. 20 (1971–2000)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2004. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/sc/383747.pdf. Retrieved 2010-06-25. 
  6. "Climatological Normals of Greenville". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/washington_e.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-25. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 "About Greenville County, South Carolina". Greenville County. http://www.greenvillecounty.org/About_Us.asp. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
  8. http://www.southcarolinagenealogy.org/south-carolina-counties/greenville/
  9. http://www.onealinc.com/
  10. "Thomas Creek Brewery". www.thomascreekbeer.com. http://www.thomascreekbeer.com/index.html. Retrieved 2009-07-14. 
  11. Athens Banner-Herald, January 2, 2008
  12. The 100 Best Art Towns in America: A Guide to Galleries, Museums, Festivals, Lodging and Dining, Fourth Edition (Paperback) by John Villani (Author)
  13. Bob Jones University Museum & Gallery
  14. http://greenville.metromix.com/events/roundup/comedy-in-the-upstate/1730101/content
  15. List of Greenville, South Carolina neighborhoods found in Google. - accessedd 26 June 2010.
  16. Greenville, South Carolina historic districts. - accessed 26 June 2010.
  17. Greenville, South Carolina Neighborhood Associations listings. - accessed 26 June 2010.

External links